2019年1月26日星期六

失壓定義 Meaning of Voltage Dip

壓定義




根據歐洲標準EN 50160,電壓降是有效電壓值突然降低到規定標稱值的90%和1%之間的值,然後立即恢復該電壓。 電壓降的持續時間介於半個週期(10毫秒)和一分鐘之間。


電壓驟降 Voltage Dip
根據國際間的定義(歐洲標準EN50160),電壓驟降是指電壓降至標準值百分之九十以下
一般來說,電壓驟降的時間少於0.1秒,供電電壓瞬間便回復到標準值

電壓驟降並不代表停電,在電壓驟降發生期間,電力供應並無中斷

如果供電電壓的有效值不低於規定值的90%,則認為這是正常的操作條件。 如果電壓下降到規定值的1%以下,則認為是中斷。


因此,不應將電壓下降與中斷混淆。 例如,在斷路器跳閘(典型值為300毫秒)之後出現中斷。主電源故障作為電壓降在整個剩餘的分配網絡中傳播。


電壓變化由以下原因引起:
1) 線路間的短路,包括相對相及接地
2) 大負載的開關過程
3) 啟動驅動器(更大的負載)
4) 用驅動器加載更改
5) 脈衝功率(振盪組件控制,恆溫控制)•電弧爐
6) 焊接機器
7) 接通電容器
8) 建設工程
9) 鳥糞


電壓降的成本包括:
1) 停產造成的利潤損失
2) 追趕生產損失的成本
3) 延遲交付產品的成本
4) 原材料浪費的成本
5) 損壞機器,設備和模具的成本
6) 維護和工作人員成本
7) 社會大眾對供電公司的印象成本




本人的其他Blog

申請你的紐西蘭電業牌照及駕駛執照
Application your EWRB and Driving License in NZ
applicationnz.blogspot.com

紐西蘭生活 New Zealand Live
newzealand1943.blogspot.com

香港遊蹤  Signseeing Hong Kong
sightseeinghongkong.blogspot.com





2019年1月24日星期四

紐西蘭電工類別 / 要求 / 待遇

紐西蘭電工類別 / 要求 / 待遇
一些求職網站內刊登的電工要求

Electrician
待遇
Hourly rate $35 - $38+ depending on experience
Company vehicle
Overtime after 45 hours at time and a half
Phone & uniform
BBQ breakfast meetings
Ongoing training and development

顧主要求
Licenced Electrician
Advantageous if you solar, AV or security alarm experience
Take pride in your work
High attention to detail and a good eye
Well presented


Electrician
待遇
Earn up to $35 per hour –we pay top rates to the right candidates.
You get a company vehicle and iPhone.
Get up to a $1,000 tool allowance.
If you're relocating we'll help with any moving costs up to $1,000.
Overalls, wet weather gear, boots, and Uniforms provided.
A paid day off for your birthday
Beers, barbeques and lots of fun social events –you'll need a sense of humour!
A boss who looks after you

顧主要求
Be a New Zealand Qualified and Registered Electrician.
Hold a current Practising License.
Have a clean full NZ Driver's license.
Be able to work un-supervised, run your own jobs and train apprentices.
Honest and trustworthy.
Experience with Commercial, electrical for mechanical (HVAC), or Residential in NZ.
Take pride in your work and go the extra mile to make sure the job is top notch.
Great people skills both with fellow workmates and customers.

We Currently have two positions available:

1/ Commercial Electrician – To join our Commercial and Electrical for Mechanical Team.

2/ Residential Electrician – To Carry out Residential projects and small jobs and assist the commercial Team when required.


Electrical Fitter
顧主要求
Electrical Registration
A current practising licence
A current and clean drivers licence
Good problem solving skills
An analytical approach to fault finding
A good track record in dealing with customers
Competence in using a computer
Knowledge of and experience in the Electricity Supply Industry


Service Electrician
待遇
A guaranteed 40 hour working week plus overtime from time to time
A competitive hourly rate, plus variable components - tool, on call and meal allowances
Technology that enables you to carry out your work quickly and efficiently
A well equipped and modern company vehicle
A true focus on Health and Safety, we don't just talk about it, we practice it every day!
A great team environment where we are always happy to help each other out

顧主要求
Hold a current NZ Electrical Practicing Licence with hands on electrical experience or hold an EST (Electrical Service Technician) qualification
Have a mechanical background, enjoy tinkering and keeping equipment operational
Experience in the fuels industry would be ideal, but full training will be provided
Hold a Full NZ Drivers Licence
Have great customer service skills and enjoy exceeding customer expectations
Be proactive, independent and use good judgement
To have a working style that promotes a safe working environment
To be fit and healthy and able to complete our pre employment medical and drug screening


Industrial Electrician
待遇
$28 - $34 per hour (Depends on Experience)

顧主要求
Regular servicing and repair of building entrance systems
Repair and maintenance of electrical and hydraulics equipment
Repair and maintenance of material handling equipment
machine maintenance and project work
Pallet Jacks
Bale presses
Dock levelers
Lifting decks

NZ REGISTERED ELECTRICIAN

待遇
On job training in our specialist areas.
A great team ambience.
A clean, spacious and well appointed workshop.
Well structured and proven job management systems.
A high level of commitment to Health and Safety

顧主要求
MUST have a NZ Electrical Current Practising Licence
English speaking with both excellent written and verbal communication skills.
NZ Drivers Licence and NZ Residency
An ability to communicate directly with our clients in a professional manner.
Be motivated, reliable, flexible and willing to learn the specialized areas of the industry we operate in.
A team player that is able to work with others, both in our team and with our customers.
Have a "can do" attitude.
Experience in the domestic, commercial and industrial sector.
Ability to work unsupervised, seeing a job through from inception to completion, demonstrating attention to detail and satisfaction in seeing a job finished to a high standard.

Maintenance Electrician

顧主要求
You will be working on highly automated plastic moulding machinery, but experience with any PLC driven production machinery will be equally suitable. Because our client our still experiencing on-going growth, there will be lots of new technology coming in, hence there will be plenty of opportunities for exciting and varied installation and project work, and potentially a new site.

As an ideal candidate, electrical fault finding will be your core skill. Panel wiring, AC/ DC motors, VSD, and other industrial based electrical experience will be essential. The equipment on-site are mostly hydraulic and robots, so the ability to perform mechanical maintenance is preferred.
EWRB Licence (limited licence or EST/ EAS can be considered, full electrician licence highly desirable)
Electrical trade or dual trade (Millwright) certificate
Experience in preventative maintenance and breakdowns
Electrical and mechanical fault-finding experience
Experience in a production environment (plastic industry highly desirable)
Good communication skills and being able to work as part of a team

Maintenance Electrician

顧主要求
Diagnosis and repair of faults in PLC controlled systems
Conduct routine maintenance across a wide variety of equipment.
Servicing, repairing and attending to breakdowns of the processing and refrigeration plant
Assist in driving a preventative maintenance culture to shift the focus from reactive maintenance activities.
Assist in improvements and modifications to machinery and equipment focusing on quality, efficiency and safety.
Ensure operational reliability of the processing and refrigeration plant.
Ability to attend to callouts outside normal shift hours

Current Electrical Trade Certificate with current full EWRB license
Experienced with PLC driven machinery
Food (or similar) industry experience preferred. Manufacturing industry experience is essential
Team working skills
Experience of using a CMMS would be advantageous
Ability to build and maintain strong working relationships
An innovative thinker with robust problem solving skills.

Senior Industrial Electrician
Credit Solutions Group Ltd
More jobs from this company
This is an exciting opportunity for a Senior Industrial Electrician to join the Maintenance team at a highly automated, state of the art plant in the South Auckland area. Monday to Friday only unless there are breakdowns. Our client is an iconic NZ owned manufacturing organisation with a reputation for innovation and quality products. This is a hands-on role reporting to the Operations Manager with responsibility for breakdown fixes, general maintenance, installations and general operational tasks. The medium and long term challenge is to take the role from a reactive footing to a proactive one.

Key responsibilities will include responding to plant and equipment breakdowns to minimise machine downtime, building and facilities maintenance and upgrades, preventative maintenance, assisting with installation and commissioning of new plant and decommissioning of old plant, supervision of external contractors when applicable, management of all compliance issues and ensuring all health and safety requirements are met. You will work closely with a team of Fitters who make up the rest of the maintenance team.

To be considered for this role you must have an E practicing license and at least 7 years' experience in a medium to large sized manufacturing environment. You will be proficient at PLC and logic diagnostics with programming abilities. You will have superior fault finding and problem solving skills. You will have experience dealing with electrical engineering drawings and CAD packages. Above all you will need to have a proactive and collaborative approach with strong communication skills. The team 'fit" is an important element in the employment decision.

If you are looking for responsibility, autonomy and want to make a difference then this is the job for you. It is an amazing opportunity with a very successful company with many long serving staff members. Remuneration will be market competitive (hourly rate plus overtime rates) and dependant on your existing skill and experience base. For further details please respond via Seek or send your resume to Alex Meldrum at alex@creditrecruitment.co.nz. Contact me on 021 630 638. We reserve the right to discuss your background with our client unless otherwise directed.


21 May 2019
Location
AucklandManukau & East Auckland


Salary
$50 - $54.99 per hour (即是說高於每小時250港幣)

Work Type
Full Time


Classification
Trades & ServicesElectricians


本人的其他Blog

申請你的紐西蘭電業牌照及駕駛執照
Application your EWRB and Driving License in NZ
applicationnz.blogspot.com

紐西蘭生活 New Zealand Live
newzealand1943.blogspot.com

香港遊蹤  Signseeing Hong Kong
sightseeinghongkong.blogspot.com


2019年1月19日星期六

防爆裝置 Explosion-proof

防爆裝置

危險倉內(紅色部份)的所有電氣性安裝,不論是低壓還是特低壓的電力系統,也必須使用防爆級別的器具,但只要在危險倉外(綠色部份)則可以使用一般電氣裝置來安裝,也就是就在門口安裝的燈掣也可以使用普通類別。
入牙方式安裝的鍍鋅鋼喉也視為具有防爆效用,即是說在危險倉內安裝時,不能使用杯臣,也是這原因比較少使用在危險倉內。





當然防爆裝置也有不同的級數,燃油是易燃液體,不過除了油庫以外,油漆 天拿水 洋酒等等......也是其中。


防爆箱內可以使用一般電氣組件,如要在防爆箱的外穀鑽吼,必須以入牙方式安裝,否則防爆規格便受到破壞。

防爆燈掣 EX type Lighting Switch


防爆支架 EX type Fl. Lighting
最低級數由數千元一支到最高級別數萬元一支也有(HKD),因此報價急不來。



防爆泛光燈


防爆LED燈 EX type LED Lamp



防爆急停掣 EX type Emergency Stop



防爆電動機 EX type Motor
不論是危險倉內的油泵或是抽風機也需要這級別。



防爆空氣調節系統 EX type Sir conditioner





這些特低壓設備雖然未必由你去負責,不過提供相關資料給EMSD也可以避免延誤。

防爆閉路電視 EX type CCTV



防爆超聲波水位/燃油計 Ultra sound level sensor




防爆煙霧惑應器 EX type smoke sensor


由於消防處規定,所有危險倉必須每年檢查一次及提交FS251表格,一般保養的消防工程公司會負責檢查消防設備及提交FS251表格,但在這之前,危險倉內的電氣設備會由持牌電業工程人員進行電氣系統之檢查。最理想是上一年的FS251到期前一個月,業主或管理公司已經收到由機電工程署簽署及發還的記錄副本。但最低限度亦要在FS251到期前已經提交WR1(這便要看負責的消防官是否承認)。


在進行危險倉的年檢時,除了要提交測試報告WR1及線路圖之外,還要提交生產商的說明書及防炸測試證書。
至於如何取得這些資料,當然是製造商的網站或購買時要求供應商提供。





本人的其他Blog

申請你的紐西蘭電業牌照及駕駛執照
Application your EWRB and Driving License in NZ
applicationnz.blogspot.com

紐西蘭生活 New Zealand Live
newzealand1943.blogspot.com

香港遊蹤  Signseeing Hong Kong
sightseeinghongkong.blogspot.com



2019年1月14日星期一

電氣工程用語 Electrical engineering terminology II

電氣工程用語 Electrical engineering terminology II

電氣工程述語 Predicate in Hong Kong (Electrical Engineering) II


電氣工程用語 Electrical engineering terminology I


用語

Pick-up Voltage - 例如進行失壓繼電器用注流測試器調升電壓時,它的LED指示燈剛剛由滅轉亮時的電壓。

Drop-off Voltage - 例如進行失壓繼電器用注流測試器調解電壓時,它的LED指示燈剛剛由亮轉滅時的電壓。

Energize - 使供給能量(用作開啟電源)。

Trip - 保護器件跳脫的動作。

Trip Free - 總掣閉合時,保護線路在上次跳脫後,仍未重置,引致即時再次跳脫。

ON / OFF - 雖然可以用,但發音短,在嘈雜環境較難分辨。

OPEN / CLOSE - 雖然發音上比ON / OFF較易分辨,不過曾經見過有人在掣櫃上的名牌以此翻譯OPEN - 開掣 / CLOSE - 閂掣。

Inter-connector - 用以連接兩組高壓掣櫃的電纜。

Functional Test - 功能測試 例如空氣斷路器 包括 - 手動及跳脫線路的跳脫測試,彈簧衝衝等......
註 : 在測試位置可以正常閉合空氣斷路器時,並不等於服務位置同樣可以。

Incomer - 來電總掣

Incoming - 來電

City Main - 市電

City Main Health - 市電供應正常

金屬疲勞 (Metal fatigue) - 金屬疲勞是由於應力導致的金屬弱化,導緻小裂紋的積累。

Insulation Breakdown - 絕緣被擊穿

Breakdown(報價單 - quotations) - 把報價項目分拆多個項目明細。



述語

乾電 - 早期香港的用即棄電池,主要是由日本進口,上面都寫上日本名稱,因而叫為乾電。



濕電 - 在大眾眼中,用即棄電池是乾電, 插座上的便是濕電。

E氣 - 由緊急電源供應的設備。

法蘭 - Flanged end,(母線槽 - Busbar Trunking / Busduct) 把銅巴散開用於接駁掣櫃或變壓器的組件。而燈喉的其中一個組件也是這個名稱。



不過水管用的這個也叫為法蘭(Flanged end)。

司令箱 - 原自英文諧音 Celling,又叫叉箱、單叉箱、直/對叉箱、三叉箱。



睇火- 即註場保養電工

咖哩 - 即正職以外的收入,如賣舊電線,在外兼職等......


在過去一直以R、Y、B、N來代表電源線的相位,如今為何要便用L1、L2、L3、N來表示呢?

啡 - Brown(Br)
黑 - Black(Bk)
灰 - Gery(G)
藍 - Blue(Bl)
因此不可能再以英文縮寫來表示。

RY > L1 - L2 = 380V
YB > L2 - L3 = 380V
BR > L3 - L1 = 380V
RN > L1 - N = 220V
YN > L2 - N = 220V
BN > L3 - N = 220V



本人的其他Blog

申請你的紐西蘭電業牌照及駕駛執照
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applicationnz.blogspot.com

紐西蘭生活 New Zealand Live
newzealand1943.blogspot.com

香港遊蹤  Signseeing Hong Kong
sightseeinghongkong.blogspot.com


2019年1月12日星期六

電熱水爐 Electricity Water Heater

電熱水爐 Electricity Water Heater

        部分電熱水爐的設計上會有水壓監察作為其中一種保護在水壓不足時無法使用
        在法例上,接駁水管需由1級持牌水喉匠接駁及向水務署提交表格(需要提交表格費用),而接駁電源線時,需由電力從業員接駁並填寫WR1,交由業權人(管理公司)保管,因此在安裝電熱水爐時,理論上應該由兩個相關工程人員進行($$$)或由一個持有該兩種牌照的工程人員來完成。
        2級持牌水喉匠只可以進行維修工程,沒有設計資格,不能進行新造工程。


小型即熱式熱水爐 Instant water heater

        功率大約1000瓦,主要安裝在洗手盆的供水喉位置,這種熱水爐沒有壓力產生所產生的熱水只足夠洗手之用好處是熱水爐跟水龍頭(取水點)距離短 讓熱水令水管的升溫距離較短
註 : 特別是寒冷天氣,金屬水管可能只有10度,要是水管過長在使用熱水時,可能要等1-2分鐘讓熱水令水管本身升溫至高於人溫溫度,才開始感到暖意。


單相即熱式熱水爐 Single Phase Instant water heater

        單相即熱式熱水爐由於電力條例限制了單相用電不可大於30A因此功率大約在6000瓦已經是最大,主要安裝在浴室使用,這種熱水爐也沒有壓力產生較昂貴型號會提供電子恆溫
缺點是功率較低的型號太寒冷的日子水溫可能不足以滿足使用者




三相即熱式熱水爐 Three Phase Instant water heater

        三相即熱式熱水爐功率大約在18000瓦也只是普遍使用的型號,也是安裝在浴室使用,這種熱水爐同樣沒有壓力產生,就算是嚴寒天氣的日子,水溫可以滿足使用者,只是電力使用會較高。



儲水式熱水爐

        儲水式熱水爐功率大約在3000瓦以上,也是安裝在浴室使用 水溫通常燒至70度,這種熱水爐同樣沒有壓力產生。
 缺點是等待預熱需時,也不可以長時間供應熱水(也是一大好處),只要一煲水(燒水)完成時馬上使用及洗澡時一個接一個便會比較省節約能源。
注意事項 : 儲水式熱水爐的二入一出水喉頭在煲水(燒水)時花灑會出現水滴現象不過這是正常的,這是作為一個排壓設計曾經有人胡亂更換皮芯掣或閘掣使其成為密封狀態一旦恆溫器壞了發熱線便會一直把水燒至蒸發形成內部壓力這樣便會有爆炸危險(水由液態蒸發為水蒸氣的體積相差100倍) 
       




電熱水爐爆炸 8年至少3宗





無排氣管熱水爐

        無排氣管熱水爐是密封式設計有分為橫掛或及垂直兩種煲水(燒水)時水蒸氣本身會令熱水爐產生內部壓力在壓力,而且會高於大氣壓時(每平方吋15磅)水的沸點提高(約為110度) 除了恆溫也會有一個過壓排壓裝置 - 壓力釋放閥 (Pressure release valve)但這裝置很常因為水垢而被恆溫及壓力釋放閥兩個裝置也失效用時也會產生爆炸而且威力比儲水式熱水爐更強,這是因為熱水爐爐身比較堅固。

        其他付屬設施包括循環回水管循環泵及保溫的等......這是水務署的要求 以避免用家浪費食水。



        燃氣式熱水爐的分類大致相同。當然在安裝燃氣式熱水爐時,也要由氣體持牌人及1級持牌水喉匠接駁。
        部分燃氣式熱水爐也是需要提供電源用途包括控制線路廢氣抽風扇等等......


        太陽能熱水爐,算是不錯的環保能源設施,部份設計會有循環泵,令吸收熱能更有效率,也會加一個即熱式熱水爐是比較保險做法,避免在日照不足日子及寒冷天氣下,出現溫度不足情況。




本人的其他Blog

申請你的紐西蘭電業牌照及駕駛執照
Application your EWRB and Driving License in NZ
applicationnz.blogspot.com

紐西蘭生活 New Zealand Live
newzealand1943.blogspot.com

香港遊蹤  Signseeing Hong Kong
sightseeinghongkong.blogspot.com


2019年1月10日星期四

超級電氣佬 - 自家維修 Self-repairing IV

超級電氣佬 - 自家維修 Self-repairing IV


超級電氣佬 - 自家維修 Self-repairing I

超級電氣佬 - 自家維修 Self-repairing II

超級電氣佬 - 自家維修 Self-repairing III

如何開啟 You tube 字幕及自動翻譯功能


How to do a cable joint without cable lug 如果在沒有線耳時接駁電纜




How to do a T-joint without cable lug 如何在沒有線耳時接駁電纜 2




再植通菜(空心菜) How to regrow Tung Choi(Ipomoea aquatica)





如何再植小唐菜(白菜)來取種子 How to replant the harvested vegetables to get a seeds I



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2019年1月5日星期六

電子式水位控制器 OMRON Electronic Level Controller


電子式水位控制器


        在一個工程安裝前需要設計的包括控制箱大小顏色 面板佈置等等......


        當完成線路設計,便是提交客戶審閱,當然你不能期望客戶會告訴你線路上有甚麼錯誤及是否能正常運作,不過仍會告知你線路上欠缺了甚麼東西。
        在這個圖紙上的是一個潛水泵控制線路,基本上所有功能由該控制器完全負責。


        這次使用的電子水位控制器為4支探針型號,最長一支為共用針(Com) 第二長的為停止針(Low Level) 第三長的為啟動針(High Level) 最短一支為警告訊號針(Overflow)。


        這類全不銹鋼型號的潛水泵在2007年購買價格為HKD$7000一台,選購水泵時要查證它的水流量(Flow Rate)及上水高度(Pump Head)。
        水流量不足在潛水泵來說 就是入水量比抽水量大時,便會出現水沉情況,要是用在食水缸上用戶用水量比上水速度快時,便會令食水泵經常運行及用戶經常出現斷水情況。
        上水高度不足在潛水泵來說 比較少見,因為只是推水至去水喉,距離一般較短,高度也較倭,但用在食水缸上時,問題就非常明顯,如果大樓天台食水缸在200米高,而水泵最大上水高度只有180米時,便會出現無法泵水上水缸的問題。





本人的其他Blog

申請你的紐西蘭電業牌照及駕駛執照
Application your EWRB and Driving License in NZ
applicationnz.blogspot.com

紐西蘭生活 New Zealand Live
newzealand1943.blogspot.com

香港遊蹤  Signseeing Hong Kong
sightseeinghongkong.blogspot.com